A personal learning network is an informal learning network that consists of the people a learner interacts with and derives knowledge from in a unique learning environment. In a personal learning network, a person connects with another person with the specific intent that some learning will occur because of that connection. Personal learning networks share a close association with personal learning environments. A personal learning environment can also be described as a manifestation of a learner’s informal learning process using the web (Hermida, 2014).
A learner chooses whom to interact within the media and how much to participate. Learners have specific aspirations, needs, interests, motivations, and problems often presented to people they include in their learning network. In recent times, students are learning more than what is offered in classes. Indigenous information and mainstream media have shown a platform for a lot of verified and unverified information. People get to absorb all the information and get to choose facts from the report. A learner is supposed to make assessments from all the information provided, making information and learning broadly. Personal learning network has also made students open to any data. It has made access to information readily available on the phone (Safdari, 2021). Personal learning networks aid in developing ideas as one looks into what they want, specifically in social media and the internet. The social media platforms will also look into one’s interests in the channels and provide relevant suggestions to look into—this aids in the development of learning (Miller, 2021).Â
Personal learning networks (PLNs) are a group of people that discuss topics and share new ideas. Since the digital age, PLNs have expanded and can incorporate online interactions from around the globe. PLNs have become extremely valuable when used through social media platforms, which will be discussed throughout this paper. Another notable aspect of these learning networks is that individuals decide who is in their PLN. These connections can provide useful ideas and information that then can be beneficial towards personal learning objectives. For this paper, many different social media platforms will be discussed, however emphasis will be placed on Facebook.
PLN & Social Media Platforms
Personal learning networks interact with social media platforms in a multitude of ways. Building a PLN is an effective method in growing and maintaining relationships, professionally or personally. With that said, social media platforms provide us the platform to create these connections. Platforms like Facebook have functionality that allows users to make connections, engage in dialogue, and share new ideas. Without social media platforms providing the ability to find new people and create a community, it would be extremely difficult to expand our PLN. Also, it’s important to note that many social media platforms allow users to select their interests which further helps in connecting with others.
Social media platforms provide an environment that advocates for sharing of ideas, materials, and resources. For example, Facebook empowers people to create groups and participate in sharing ideas, as well as have respectful discourse. Additionally, the platform has become much more than just connecting with friends, it bridges people together from anywhere in the world. Social media is the medium in which we represent ourselves in the digital world. In the digital age, connecting with people to grow our PLNs is seamless.
How a PLN Should Be Created, Managed, and Engaged
When users create their own PLN on Facebook, the first thing is to know your interests and the direction you want to develop your PLN. For example, if you like to read, then you can do a relevant search from Facebook. When you enter your learning community, you can develop your own personal learning network in the community and find friends. Even share your reading experience and other content related to your reading community with others. When you see someone in your community post a question and you know the answer, you can connect and interact with that person. Likewise, you can post your own reading experiences in your social accounts and share them in your reading community. The most important aspect of creating, managing, and engaging in our PLN is communication. There is a sense of empathy between users in their own PLN community. This feeling is what allows you to progress and make your PLN more enriched. This is the main reason as to why our PLN is important.
Key Characteristics of Social Media Platforms
A notable benefit of Facebook is the connectivity it provides. Facebook has been able to set a precedent of being accessible anywhere at any time. Through movements in analytics, free internet basics, high-altitude connectivity, and more, Facebook is working to bring more of the world online (Bayern, 2018). The platform has many useful characteristics including a news feed, timeline, friend connections, messenger, and many more. All are created to further enhance the connection of their users as well as increase dialogue on thoughts and opinions surrounding any type of topic. Facebook is also a great platform to express your thoughts and receive useful feedback from a wide range of individuals.
It’s important to highlight Facebook’s history of privacy issues. It is no surprise that Facebook has had a complicated history of data exploitation and unlawfully sharing data with third parties. Soon after the creation of Facebook, the social media platform has been under public eye and extreme scrutiny over the handling of user information. Another negative characteristic to mention would be censorship policies that have been enforced. Facebook has been found to suppress free speech and public communication that doesn’t fit the company’s ideology. This can be very dangerous as it silences the voices of individuals that have a right to free speech. If Facebook gives itself broader censorship powers, it will inevitably take down important speech and silence already marginalized voices (Eidelman, 2018).
Features of Existing Media Technologies That Make Them Effective for Personal Learning
Facebook, being the largest social media network in the world, has a very large number of users. This also means that there are people with all kinds of different interests on Facebook. I think the most effective media technology feature in Facebook for individual learning is the ability for users to communicate and connect anywhere, anytime. Users create online learning communities in Facebook, “a group becomes a learning community when the members share a common vision that learning is the primary purpose for their association and the ultimate value to preserve in their workplace” (Jennifer, 2018). When users are in the same learning environment, they can communicate with each other to share and learn from each other. Although Facebook does not have a clear educational meaning like zoom or other digital media, it allows students to stay connected among various online learning communities. One outstanding feature of Facebook is its immediacy. When a user has a question, he can immediately send a query in the professional community, and someone will reply soon. Facebook can be used not only as a social platform, but also as a platform for learning and communication. Especially in the period of online classes, Facebook’s online learning community makes our personal learning more effective.
Ways That Technology Allows You to Enhance/Develop Your Digital Identity/Reputation
Since inception, Facebook has grown to be a leader in providing digital identity globally. Right now, 1.73 billion daily users access Facebook’s platform, an 11% increase year-over-year (Dean, 2012). Throughout the years, the platform has been able to create new ways of developing digital identity for its users. It’s important to note that other platforms deliver similar functionality for its users, however, Facebook takes it a step further. Digital Identity is central to Facebook’s functionality, because of that, the platform acquired Confirm, an identity verification startup. Facebook upping its identity game will have numerous benefits for its users. One in which users still get those benefits but at the same time, maintain control and ownership over their digital identity, and in turn, their own destiny (GlobaliD, 2018). Facebook has created a user-friendly platform that is quite easy to connect with individuals in the online space. Every photo, post, comment, or share on Facebook is stored and reflects your digital identity from the moment of creating an account. Facebook is enabling the world to develop digital identity at an alarming rate. The chart below illustrates the number of monthly active users worldwide, an astonishing 2.7 billion.
Social Considerations That Should Be Accounted for
I think the social consideration we should consider in Facebook is digital reputation. In our course, we have looked at whether social media can affect our future careers. When an employer searches your name on the internet, anything related to you will come up and change the employer’s perception of you. Likewise, when you post false information on Facebook it can also cause panic in some people because of what you say. Information travels very quickly on the internet and it is easy for small things to be magnified. This can have a negative impact on society if false content is seen by underage or elderly people. For example, if you have posted false information about Covid-19 on Facebook and your message misleads some users, and your employer later sees it, this could determine your acceptance. Because your digital credibility is bad, no employer will hire an employee who makes things up on social media. So,I think the digital credibility of social media has a pivotal impact on social considerations.
Different Ways Technology Tracks and Uses Your Data
Tracking people through technology begins when people use apps to purchase items or drive to different locations. It obtains the information from these apps to obtain user’s credit card details and location details (Walster, 2017). They can even obtain information such as the users’ names, contact, photos, personal settings, and other activities within the app. Companies, later, utilize this information for advertising purposes and to innovate for social good. They can use the information about the customers’ location, what they like, their preferences, and other information to develop personalized ads to market to other users.
Advertisers can collect all the credential information of the users through the digital footprints used by other companies. They then use cookies and other tracking elements to track people and get them into purchasing their products. For instance, suppose a person uses different devices in a similar location and accesses the same websites or social media accounts. The gadgets can be tied down to the innovative profile (Walster, 2017). Other companies can then utilize this information to advertise to other customers who may like the same things as the one for the user. Ultimately, data collectors establish large databases with customer profiles to use for future references. They can continue using this information even without the knowledge or consent of their obtained information.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Privacy, Security, and Acceptable Use Policies for Social Media Platforms
Privacy
Data privacy has several strengths. First, it protects and secures private information. Second, it safeguards valuable information like financial statements and business transactions (Walster, 2017). Third, it improves the quality of stored information and that used during transactions. Fourth, it decreases the risk of financial losses. Finally, it prevents companies from data theft and information breaches. On the weaknesses, poor data privacy options led to a lack of customer confidence in the company. Second, it is expensive and difficult to maintain. Third, it needs organizational and technical measures to protect unlawful data processing within organizations.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Security
Information security leads to adequate protection of computer systems against malware, firewalls, and viruses. Second, it mandates employees to set sophisticated passwords difficult to crack (Bertot, 2012). Third, it protects the users from copyrights, patents, and trademarks under information security law. Contrarily, security has risks that could be detrimental to users and organizations. First, it is expensive to implement. Second, a security breach could cost devastating damages to the users. Third, it suffers from a lax attitude to protect and update software oftentimes.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Acceptable Practice
Some strengths of AUPs include holding users accountable, using rules for all users, and easier development in different situations. However, AUPs are not realistic on the weaknesses, especially if the AUP is not carefully established. Finally, a hacker could potentially determine a loophole to an information breach.
Examples of Individuals Who Have Used a PLN to Become Leaders in a Field of Interest, and Their Presence in the Platform
PLN can use many social software as the carrier, such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok. One of my favorite bloggers on TikTok is Little A. In fact, she has two digital identities, as she has two accounts on TikTok with a total of four million followers. Her two digital identities have very different styles. One of the digital identities is named Little A with no place to put. She often uses this digital identity to share some interesting things in life, and it is also her first digital identity. Another digital identity is called Study Finance with Little A. She uses the digital identity to share her investing experiences, recommend funds to her followers and communicate with others about money management. With her second account, Xiao A became the leader of investment in TikTok and gained manyfans.
Building your reputation and influence on social media platforms is not an easy task. TikTok is a popular social media platform with many active users. But that doesn’t mean it’s easy to build a reputation on TikTok. In the beginning, Little A had only one digital identity: Little A with nowhere to put it. She has gained some followers by her appearance, but this cannot prove that she has established influence, she was not satisfied with the current situation. After that, she began to experiment with new styles. Eventually, she established her second digital identity: Study Finance with Little A. I think it’s a very successful digital identity. Little A resonates with others by sharing his investment experience. At the same time, they will also use humorous language to talk about investment knowledge and share their profit and loss status. This makes people think that following her cannot only learn investment knowledge, but also be very interesting. Finally, Little A gained many followers with her second digital identity and built her own reputation and influence. In fact, Little A has A digital identity with media literacy, and she always puts the interest of the content in the first place. But she didn’t lose much information because the fun of her videos came from her humor. I think this is the main reason for the success of her digital identity.
Measuring the Success of Your PLN
The success of your Personal Learning Network can be determined by many factors. Provided below are screenshots of Omar’s professional PLN and how he measures success. For this section, it will primarily be focused on Omar’s professional network within Twitter & Linkedin.
Figure 2. Omar’s Linkedin
Figure 3. Omar’s Twitter Followers
The first measure of success is having a PLN that incorporates people that have a wide range of perspectives, ideas, and experiences. As you can see above, Omar’s PLN heavily focuses on the Health Informatics community. Omar currently has 75+ connections on LinkedIn and follows governing bodies on Twitter in order to stay engaged on the current landscape of Health Informatics in Canada. Throughout school and work, Omar has been able to create lifelong relationships in which he can provide his ideas, but his connections can do the same. Another important measure of success is actively being engaged within your community and providing your perspective. It’s not enough to simply retweet or like a post, it’s about providing insight in hopes of sparking additional thoughts or even dialogue among individuals in the community. Fundamentally, a PLN should empower individuals to discuss and share new ideas, but that doesn’t start without personal engagement. Similarly, without people who contribute, a PLN would stagnate quickly. So, when developing a social networking presence don’t lurk, actively participate (Green, 2020). Another important aspect that creates a successful PLN is the devotion to learning. Throughout EDCI 338, PLN’s have been the main focal point in not only being a method of communicating but also a learning network. A successful PLN can be described as an individual taking ideas and expanding on their existing knowledge. It’s important to understand that PLNsare not solely for interaction but more so the repercussions of those interactions, and how we can further expand our comprehension of a subject. With that said, many platforms allow anyone to create a PLN, but it’s the actions of the individual that make a PLN meaningful.
Conclusion
Now being at the end of the course, it’s quite evident that PLNs play such an important role in our digital identity. Being able to connect with individuals and share ideas is very valuable. Especially during the pandemic, we found that these connections not only can be learning experiences, but also a simple way of creating connections during hard times. For that reason, we find PLNs extremely versatile in what they have to offer. Additionally, one point we found very interesting is that every personal learning network is different. The personalization of PLNs allows people to differentiate themselves and make their content unique. We found this point to be central in what creates an effective PLN. Lastly, we found that without engagement, a PLN will never be utilized to its full potential. Engagement and collaboration are key when deciding to create or maintain a personal learning network.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Hansen, D. (2012). The impact of policies on government social media usage: Issues, challenges, and recommendations. Government information quarterly, 29(1), 30-40.
Jennifer C, Mitchell P, Sue G, Peter F & Vicente R (2018) Student-initiated Facebook sites: nurturing personal learning environments or a place for the disenfranchised?, Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 27:4, 459-472, DOI: 10.1080/1475939X.2018.1507924
Walster, D. (2017). Information policy and social media: Accept or decline. TechTrends, 61(3), 301-307. Am
Professional Learning Networks has boosted learning and development in major industries across the globe. A good case is the tourism and fashion industry, where people have discovered more geological information concerning the world. Any fashion designs are now easy to get, thanks to social media. Social media platforms have also been used to raise awareness among community members across the globe (Hermida, 2014). A good case is the Covid-19 pandemic awareness program that is offered on almost all social media platforms. The campaign for safety and precautionary measures to help eradicate the spread of the virus has been helpful for many persons who look into the many ways to eradicate the virus (Safdari, 2021).
As much as the information provided on social media platforms is vast, some various myths and misconceptions have not been approved. Unverified information may be provided and may lead to falsification of information. Moreover, there is too much information such that one does not know which one to use and which one not to use. The information on the website platforms is very explicit, and in many instances, there may be information that should be discretionary. The social media platform results in moral decay for young learners, bringing in a challenge in communities. Some knowledge should not be opened to all and require a parent or guardian (Veletsianos et al., 2010). Some people have also used social media platforms to cyber-attack persons and seek ransom for data breaches. Proper cybersecurity measures should be adopted in various operating systems to aid in the privacy of knowledge and research work.Â
Consider how you would curate your social media with a critical public audience.
Social media users can take proactive steps to address the negative comments and critiques on their values. First, they shouldn’t divert to the blame game. They should be accountable for the post even if they disagree with the comment. The user can email or inbox the person with the negative comment to amicably discuss the issue further (Bertot, 2012). Second, the user should be respectful when handling such issues. They should directly communicate in a way that reflects their brand. Third, the user shouldn’t get defensive over the negative comment. They should instead open up a dialogue in a friendly way. Last, they need to respond with a prompt solution. Posting a straightforward solution to make things right and help the fans move on from the negativity.
Identify the risks and benefits of engaging with a public audience in a media space – what are the risks for a public figure or person in a position of trust (educator, lawyer, government official)?
Engaging with a public audience in a media space presents several benefits to individuals. First, it brings value from social media platforms beyond internet business activities like driving sales and distributing content. Second, it increases brand recognition. It gives the public figure the right platform to improve their recognition among the target audience (Attai, 2017). Third, media spaces such as social media present the best way to interact with the target audience without physical meetings. This can effectively lead to brand awareness. Fourth, it can be used as a viral campaign and promotional tool. Public figures can always use media spaces like social media for exclusive deals with the government or other institutions. public figure or an individual in a prominent position may experience devastating experiences from public engagement in media spaces. For instance, some malicious people may take their accounts over to extort money from them. This can potentially lead to the spread of fake news about the public figure to the fans to ruin fan engagement. Second, they may experience the risk of spearphishing (Attai, 2017). This risk involves attackers sending malicious links to the company and directing fans to fake accounts. Third, they may encounter impersonations of their brand. Fourth, others may create fake social media accounts to lure fans into following them. Last but not least, it could lead to piracy. This can happen due to the unaffiliated hijacking of accounts to advertise on fake accounts and websites.
Consider how to best address negative replies and critiques reflective of your personal values and employer social media policy?
Three significant risks are associated with such kind of engagement. First, it can adversely present the impact of word of mouth. This happens mainly when the negative news spread throughout the internet like wildfire and bloggers start spreading negative information on the target person (Walster, 2017). Second, cybersecurity threats may impede the successful implementation of the objectives of such engagement. Information leaks and breaches could have devastating effects on the image of the users or brand image. Third, the user may encounter credibility issues. Poor usage of media spaces could potentially lead to viral outrage, which may ruin the user’s reputation in a broader spectrum.
Open dialogues about media literacy and factual information can create conflict, why does this happen?
Open dialogues about media literacy and factual information are imperative for nurturing equitable access to knowledge and information. However, this process often leads to conflicts because of conflicts of interest between the two parties involved in the dialogue. Internal conflicts may spontaneously happen as the fighting parties may not have the relevant understanding of the existing political systems that government information literacy (Attai, 2017). This may also occur due to the violation of freedom of expression and information sharing. Others may not understand media influence in providing information, and this could result in unnecessary conflicts.
What is the benefit of having a PLN that values media literacy?
First, it encourages people to inquire, evaluate, appreciate, and comprehend the different cultures available through media literacy. Second, it establishes a shared environment that fosters the culture of learning through the media spaces (Bertot, 2012). Third, it encourages the youth to utilize multimedia tools as a sophisticated means of communicating actively. Fourth, it engages young people into political systems and real-world issues that enable them to visualize themselves as potential contributors to the public service. Fifth, it helps people evaluate media representation by showing them how to differentiate between fantasy and reality and shape their lives accordingly.
References
Attai, D. J., Anderson, P. F., Fisch, M. J., Graham, D. L., Katz, M. S., Kesselheim, J., … & Dizon, D. S. (2017, October). Risks and benefits of Twitter use by hematologists/oncologists in the era of digital medicine. In Seminars in hematology (Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 198-204). WB Saunders.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Hansen, D. (2012). The impact of polices on government social media usage: Issues, challenges, and recommendations. Government information quarterly, 29(1), 30-40.
Social medial use in personal or professional networks helps in addressing the challenges in advocacy communication.In addition, social media has a variety of tools that can be used to inform and mobilize communities in advocacy efforts. The tools align with the personal or professional network’s psychology principles to enable individuals to participate in dialogues about social issues and work together towards a change with a sense of community. A personal or professional network can be based on one profession; however, it’s advisable to engage professionals from different backgrounds to encourage inclusivity.
After various professional and personal network studies, I decided to be inclusive and have a more dominant and marginal network. Suggestion from Luo, Freeman & Stefaniak (2020),who advocated for inclusion in PLN, I decided to follow people from various backgrounds on Twitter and Facebook. Viewing and reviewing their ideas provides a diverse knowledge of the various social aspects of the community. The network has created a filter bubble from my natural bubble where there are various hashtags on various subjects, which I would not have learned about if I focus on one specific group of the network. I had the opportunity to learn about the YouTube niches which exist in social media which I never had an idea of their existence.
Social media engaging in advocacy through various tools are used to enhance traditional strategies of social advocacy. For example, various fields had helped identify various social advocacy gaps that existed when there was no social medial. In addition, social media can be used to synthesize literature across empirical and practical sources in real-world examples. For example, when the engineering profession uses hashtags to discuss a topic, it engages other professionals. It allows people to learn various challenges in the field and ways to solve them. Therefore, inclusivity is achieved where people from differentprofessional backgrounds can communicate and contribute to social challenges in other fields.
Inclusion is engaged in my PLN due to the following of people from various networks. I have decided to form personal networking by privately engaging various professionals through private messaging to seek clarification suggestions and ideas on the topic at hand. Additionally, I actively engage in liking and publicly commenting on the post and video posted regardless of the topic as long as I understand the ideal discussed. Through engagement and advocacy, professionals can build a stronger network to advocate for solutions in the community.
Continuous exposure and diversity are achieved through interaction with people from different professional backgrounds. As a strategy to ensure continuous exposure to diversity and inclusivity in the community, Kluch & Wilson (2020) suggest continuous engagement in professional networks that solve social challenges. In addition, the idea is meant to suggest continuous outreach of other professional fields on social media to identify topics and challenges addressed. Additional suggestions from the study advocate for mapping networks across boundaries. The personal or professional network includes professionals from diverse areas where idea sharing can also be diversified. Through analysis of talents and practices, diversification is incorporated into the network.
From the videos and readings, I have identified the importance of diversity and inclusion in PLN. From One Without the Other by Shelley Moore and Leyton, Schnellertidentified that variety ensures inclusivity and the adoption of different perspectives concerning social challenges. Additionally, diversity and inclusivity allow increased knowledge sharing through targeted consultation among professionals of diverse backgrounds. Through engagement, collective contribution towards social challenges faced but the community can be achieved.
References
Luo, T., Freeman, C., & Stefaniak, J. (2020). “Like, comment, and share”—professional development through social media in higher education: A systematic review. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(4), 1659-1683.
Kluch, Y., & Wilson, A. S. (2020). # NCAAInclusion: Using Social Media to Engage NCAA Student-Athletes in Strategic Efforts to Promote Diversity and Inclusion. Case Studies in Sport Management, 9(S1), S35-S43.
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